SEM of iridescence generating nano-structures found in butterfly wing-scales

The artwork

In response to Darwin's iconic description of the development of the eye, Franziska Schenk drew on novel biomimetic techniques and paint-technology to create artworks inspired by the astonishingly realistic eyespots adorning the wings of the rare moth Erebus obscura.

Mirroring the process of evolution, latest colour-shifting nano-particles and innovative reproduction techniques were employed to create successively 'modified' variations of the 'same' moth painting. Simultaneously magnifying, yet focusing on, the subject, each additional repeated version evolves from the previous template - but inevitably change and mutation leads to the formation of new, modified patterns, shapes and hues.

To capture the ephemeral quality of the colour, the artist drew on her unique expertise of utilising cutting-edge iridescent 'pigments'. Thus, depending on the light and viewing angle, an apparently dull brown moth transforms itself into a glittering beauty - before our very eyes.

In short, the complex interrelationships between the evolution of colour, camouflage, display and perception are artistically explored.

Multi-layered nano-structures give rise to iridescence 

The science

The project's immediacy to biology is evident in both animal coloration/display and in the evolutionary development of the eye. Colour adaptation, eye development and perception are inextricably linked. Butterfly eyespots benefit the insect by tricking the eye of (and so warding off) predators. Since Darwin first described a sequence of eye development, molecular genetics has shed much light on the actual genes and biochemical pathways involved. Extensive work on the development of eyespots is currently being undertaken in the emerging field of evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-Devo). Also, crucially due to its profound implications well beyond biology, evolutionary theory can provide a link between art and science - one the artist is exploring.

Iridescent 'pigment'

The outcome

The resulting series of interrelated paintings formed the centerpiece for exhibitions and public engagement activities throughout the Year of Darwin (2009). In the run up to the main event (a solo-show/ public lecture to mark the 150's anniversary of Darwin's publication of 'The Origin') selected works were shown at Glasgow Science Centre and the Central Library, Birmingham. In addition, various public lectures and conference presentations were delivered in Birmingham, London, France and Spain.

The Art of Iridescence (2010)

Inspired by the iridescent colours adorning insect wings, the artist persevered in her sustained attempt to adapt and adopt revolutionary industrial colour-shifting nanoparticles for paintings. 

And, indeed, with the rare moth Erebus obsucra as exemplar, and evolutionary developmental biology as inspiration, Schenk captured the insect's ever-evolving iridescent hues - for the first time on canvas.

The desired effect is achieved, the resulting interrelated paintings fluctuate in perceived colour, depending on the light variation and viewing angle.